THE EFFECT OF OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE ON TRANSFER PRICING OF MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES IN INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26486/jramb.v10i2.4504Abstract
Transfer pricing practices have become a crucial issue in the world of taxation and finance of multinational companies. While transfer pricing remains lawful when adhering to the arm's length principle, numerous companies exploit regulatory gaps to strategically relocate profits toward jurisdictions with lower tax burdens. This research investigates the relationship between corporate ownership structures and transfer pricing behaviors, specifically examining four ownership categories: managerial, institutional, foreign, and family. The study employs a quantitative methodological approach, analyzing data collected from 24 multinational enterprises listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the 2013-2024 timeframe, selected through purposive sampling methodology. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS Statistics, applying multiple linear regression analytical techniques. The findings demonstrate that managerial, foreign, and family ownership each independently exert positive and significant influences on transfer pricing practices. In contrast, institutional ownership shows no statistically significant impact. When assessed collectively, all four ownership structure variables demonstrate a significant combined effect on transfer pricing behaviors. The findings call for stricter tax oversight, especially for firms with certain ownership structures, and emphasize transparent governance and tax compliance.
References
Abdullah, S. Y., Kustiawan, M., & Prawira, I. F. A. (2021). Apakah Transfer Pricing Mempengaruhi Pajak? : Tinjauan Sistematis. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi (JPAK), 9(3), 408–416. https://doi.org/10.26740/JPAK.V9N3.P408-416
Apriliani, L., & Wulandari, S. (2023). Pengaruh Koneksi Politik, Kepemilikan Manajerial dan Pertumbuhan Penjualan terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. J-MAS (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Sains), 8(1). https://doi.org/10.33087/jmas.v8i1.902
Arnold, B. J., & McIntyre, M. J. (2002). International Tax Primer. https://papers.ssrn.com/abstract=347200
Badri, J., Das, N. A., & Putra, Y. E. (2021). Pengaruh Minimalisasi Pajak, Mekanisme Bonus Kepemilikan Asing Terhadap Transfer Pricing pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Multinasional Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal PROFITA: Akuntansi Dan Bisnis, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.47896/ab.v2i1.328
Darussalam, Danny Septriadi, B. Bawono Kristiaji, A. R. M. (2023). Transfer Pricing: Ide, Strategi, dan Panduan Praktis dalam Perspektif Pajak Internasional (Edisi Kedua - Vol 2). In Transfer Pricing Handbook (Edisi Kedu). DDTC. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119203650.ch21
Fadhali, M. D. M., & Laksito, H. (2023). Pengaruh Institutional Ownership, Profitabilitas, Leverage, dan Related Party Transaction Terhadap Tax Avoidance. DIPONEGORO JOURNAL OF ACCOUNTING, 12(4), 1–15.
Febriyan, I., & Kalao, P. (2023). Pengaruh Sales Growth, Laverage, Dan Kepemilikan Manajerial Terhadap Praktik Penghindaran Pajak. 318 | Journal of UKMC National Seminar on Accounting Proceeding, 2(1).
Huda, N., & Bernawati, Y. (2023). Kepemilikan dan Keterlibatan Keluarga Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak dengan Komisaris Independen sebagai Moderasi. Jurnal Proaksi, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.32534/jpk.v10i3.4722
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Kreativa, A. T., & Prabowo, T. J. W. P. (2024). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Keluarga Terhadap Tax Avoidance dengan Voluntary Disclosure sebagai Variabel Moderasi (Studi Empiris pada Perusahaan Sektor Barang Konsumen Primer yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2019-2021). Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 13(1), 1–15. https://ejournal3.undip.ac.id/index.php/accounting/article/view/42619
Lubara, M., Damayanti, D., & Dewi, A. K. (2022). Pengaruh Komite Audit, Kepemilikan Keluarga Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur Yang Terdaftar Di BEI Periode 2017-2019. Jurnal Ilmiah ESAI, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.25181/esai.v16i2.2528
Mawaddah, S. Z., & Darsono. (2022). Pengaruh Pengendalian Internal, Kepemilikan Keluarga, Dan Ketidakpastian Lingkungan Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Diponegoro Journal of Accounting, 11(2), 1–11.
Ningsih, T., Oktariansyah, O., Putra, P. S., & Veronica, A. (2024). Pengaruh Pajak, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Kepemilikan Asing Terhadap Transfer Pricing Pada Perusahaan Subsektor Makanan Dan Minuman Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia. Jurnal Media Wahana Ekonomika, 20(4). https://doi.org/10.31851/jmwe.v20i4.14648
OECD. (2022). OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises and Tax Administrations 2022. In OECD (Vol. 60, Issue 1). OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1111/fcre.12621
Pringgabayu, D., Purnamasari, I., & Purnomo, B. S. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Transfer Pricing Dan Struktur Kepemilikan Terhadap Tax Avoidance. Eqien - Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 11(04). https://doi.org/10.34308/eqien.v11i04.1196
Purba, F. D. I., Abbas, D. S., & Hidayat, I. (2024). Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Mekanisme Bonus dan Kepemilikan Asing Terhadap Transfer Pricing. JIBEMA: Jurnal Ilmu Bisnis, Ekonomi, Manajemen, Dan Akuntansi, 1(3). https://doi.org/10.62421/jibema.v1i3.17
Puspita Sari, S. H., & Adi, S. W. (2023). Pengaruh Corporate Governance, Ukuran Perusahaan Dan Leverage Terhadap Tax Avoidance (Studi Empiris Pada Perusahaan Manufaktur yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2017 – 2019 ). Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Keuangan West Science, 2(01). https://doi.org/10.58812/jakws.v2i01.183
Ramdhani, M., Fitria, Y. Z. N., & Rachman, A. A. (2021). The Effect Of Transfer Pricing On Tax Avoidance In Manufacturing Companies Listed On LQ 45 Indonesia Stock Exchange 2015-2019.
Rozan, N., Arieftiara, D., & Hindria, R. (2023). Struktur Kepemilikan dan Capital Intensity Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Journal of Economic, Management, Accounting and Technology, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.32500/jematech.v6i1.2088
Rustan. (2023). Struktur Kepemilikan Dan Kebijakan Hutang (Strategi Perusahaan dalam Mengelola Struktur Kepemilikan dan Kebijakan Hutang Untuk Mencapai Tujuan Bisnis) (Rustan (ed.); Vol. 1). Penerbit AGMA.
Santoso, B. (2015). Keagenan (agency) : prinsip-prinsip dasar, teori, dan problematika hukum keagenan. Ghalia Indonesia. //library.walisongo.ac.id/slims/index.php?p=show_detail&id=26234&keywords=
Septanta, R. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Dan Kompensasi Rugi Fiskal Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. Scientific Journal Of Reflection : Economic, Accounting, Management and Business, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.37481/sjr.v6i1.623
Solihin, M., Sohibunajar, S., & Ersyafdi, I. R. (2023). Pengaruh Pajak, Intangible Assets, Kepemilikan Asing, Profitabilitas, Mekanisme Bonus terhadap Transfer Pricing. MIZANIA: Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.47776/mizania.v3i1.634
Sugeng, A., Afandi, A., & Khuluqi, K. (2023). Pengaruh Tax Planning, Mekanisme Bonus dan Kepemilikan Asing terhadap Transfer Pricing Perusahaan Makanan dan Minuman Periode 2019-2021. Inovasi, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.32493/inovasi.v10i2.p292-301.36109
Sugiarto. (2009). Struktur modal, struktur kepemilikan perusahaan, permasalahan keagenan dan informasi asimetri. Graha Ilmu.
Suteja, J. (2020). Kajian Stuktur Kepemilikan Perusahaan Terbuka. Universitas Pasundan. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/342513622_Buku_Struktur_Kepemilikan_Perusahaan_Master
Tambunan, M. R. U. ., Rosdiana, H., & Irianto, E. S. (2022). Transfer pricing : kajian teoritis, kebijakan, dan praktik. Ortax. https://lib.ui.ac.id
Utami, A. A. Y. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemilikan Institusional, Kepemilikan Manajerial, Ukuran Direksi, Proporsi Dewan Komisaris Independen dan Komite Audit Terhadap Penghindaran Pajak. JIIP - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(6). https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i6.2156
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Roberto B. T. Omenu, Rochmad Bayu Utomo
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with (JRAMB) Jurnal Riset Akuntansi Mercu Buana agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the JRAMB right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in JRAMB. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in JRAMB.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
