COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY (CBT) UNTUK MENGATASI BULIMIA NERVOSA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26486/psikologi.v23i1.1435Keywords:
bulimia nervosa, terapi pembiasaan kognitifAbstract
Bulimia Nervosa merupakan salah satu gangguan makan yang ditandai dengan makan secara berlebihan, berulang, diikuti dengan keinginan untuk mengeluarkan makanan dengan cara tidak tepat sebagai kompensasi, dan perhatian yang berlebihan mengenai berat badan dan bentuk tubuh. Bulimia nervosa disebabkan oleh distorsi kognitif pada penderitanya yang muncul akibat evaluasi berlebihan terhadap bentuk tubuh. Penelitian single case study dilakukan terhadap seorang penderita bulimia nervosa berinisial B. B memenuhi tiga karakteristik bulimia nervosa di dalam PPDGJ-III, sehingga diagnosis bulimia nervosa bisa ditegakan. Bulimia nervosa pada B disebabkan oleh distorsi kognitif jenis dichotomous thinking. Hal tersebut memunculkan perilaku maladaptif yaitu mengkonsumsi makanan secara berlebihan kemudian memuntahkannya. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) merupakan terapi yang berfokus pada perubahan kognitif untuk menghasilkan perubahan perilaku positif yang menjadi tujuan dari terapi itu sendiri. CBT dilakukan untuk merekonstruksi kognitif B yang kemudian menurunkan perilaku maladaptif B. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memaparkan penggunaan CBT pada B dalam enam kali pertemuan. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran menggunakan lembar self-monitoring, menunjukan adanya perubahan positif pada pola pikir B, serta terjadi penurunan perilaku makan berlebihan dan memuntahkan makanan. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan intervensi pada penderita bulimia nervosa lainnya.
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