Meta-Synthesis Prinsip Energi Bebas: Implikasi Pada psikopatologi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26486/jdp.v2i1.4257Abstract
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis literatur untuk mengeksplorasi Prinsip Energi Bebas (Free Energy Principle/FEP) yang dikembangkan oleh Karl Friston, terutama dalam kaitannya dengan gangguan mental seperti skizofrenia, depresi, dan kecemasan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi peran FEP dalam mendorong pergeseran paradigma pemahaman psikopatologi dengan meninjau dan menyatukan temuan dari berbagai penelitian empiris. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, penelitian ini mengacu pada pendekatan meta-sintesis kualitatif, berfokus pada artikel yang mengaplikasikan FEP dalam konteks psikologi klinis dan neurobiologi, serta mengecualikan studi teoretis tanpa data empiris atau yang kurang relevan dengan psikologi klinis. Desain penelitian ini mengikuti pendekatan kualitatif untuk menggantikan analisis statistik pada gejala psikopatologi, dengan kriteria inklusi yang mencakup penelitian empiris mengenai aplikasi FEP pada gangguan mental, serta eksklusi pada studi teoretis yang tidak menyertakan data empiris. Pertanyaan utama yang diajukan adalah bagaimana Prinsip Energi Bebas dapat menghasilkan pemahaman baru tentang mekanisme gangguan mental dibandingkan teori psikopatologi tradisional. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa FEP menyediakan kerangka teoritis yang lebih adaptif dalam menjelaskan disfungsi kognitif pada gangguan mental, terutama dalam hal kegagalan otak memperbarui model prediksi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa FEP memiliki potensi untuk mendorong pergeseran paradigma dalam psikologi klinis, sehingga dapat membuka jalan bagi pendekatan terapi yang lebih terarah dan adaptif untuk kondisi kesehatan mental.
Kata Kunci: Prinsip Energi Bebas, Skizofrenia, Depresi, Kecemasan, Pergeseran Paradigma, Psikopatologi, Inferensi Aktif, Karl Friston, Psikologi Klinis.
Abstract: This study employs a literature analysis method to explore the Free Energy Principle (FEP), developed by Karl Friston, particularly in relation to mental disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, and anxiety. The aim is to identify the role of FEP in driving a paradigm shift in understanding psychopathology by reviewing and synthesizing findings from various empirical studies. To achieve this, the study applies a qualitative meta-synthesis approach, focusing on articles that apply FEP in the context of clinical psychology and neurobiology, while excluding theoretical studies that lack empirical data or are less relevant to clinical psychology. The research design follows a qualitative approach to replace statistical analysis on psychopathological symptoms, with inclusion criteria encompassing empirical studies on the application of FEP in mental disorders, and exclusion criteria for theoretical studies without empirical data. The main research question addressed is how the Free Energy Principle can provide a novel understanding of the mechanisms of mental disorders compared to traditional theories of psychopathology. The findings reveal that FEP offers a more adaptive theoretical framework for explaining cognitive dysfunction in mental disorders, particularly highlighting the brain's failure to update predictive models. This study concludes that FEP has the potential to drive a paradigm shift in clinical psychology, paving the way for more targeted and adaptive therapeutic approaches for mental health conditions.
Keywords: Free Energy Principle, Schizophrenia, Depression, Anxiety, Paradigm Shift, Psychopathology, Active Inference, Karl Friston, Clinical Psychology.
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