Can the Perception of Flexible Work Arrangements Increase Job Satisfaction Among Online Ride-Hailing Drivers?

Abstract

The rapid expansion of the gig economy in Indonesia has introduced flexible work systems, particularly among ride hailing drivers, enabling them to independently manage their working hours and work intensity. However, such flexibility is accompanied by income uncertainty, limited employment protection, and algorithm-based performance demands that may affect job satisfaction. Perceptions of flexible work arrangements are assumed to contribute to job satisfaction. This study aimed to examine the relationship between perceived flexible work arrangements and job satisfaction among ride-hailing drivers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. A total of 128 drivers aged 18–42 years, who had worked for at least one year, participated in the study through purposive sampling. Perceived flexible work arrangements were measured using the Flexible Work Arrangement Scale, while job satisfaction was assessed using the Job Satisfaction Scale. Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant positive relationship between perceived work flexibility and job satisfaction (ρ= 0.229, p = 0.009), indicating that higher perceived flexibility is associated with higher levels of job satisfaction. These findings underscore the role of perceived work flexibility as a psychological factor contributing to job satisfaction among gig workers and provide an empirical basis for developing policies or interventions aimed at enhancing the well-being of ride-hailing drivers in the Indonesian context.