Development and Validation of Spiritual Well-Being Scale for Millennial Generation

Abstract

This research aimed to explore the dimensions of spiritual well-being among the millennial generation in Indonesia, and to develop a measurement instrument that captures the understanding of spirituality within its context. The first phase of the study employed a qualitative approach, involving an open-ended questionnaire distributed online via a Google form to 814 respondents from various regions in Indonesia. The age range of the participants was between 18 and 25 years. Data analysis involved categorizing emerging themes to identify the dimensions and indicators of spiritual well-being according to the respondents' perspectives. The second phase of the research adopted a quantitative approach, focusing on the development of the spiritual well-being instrument. The instrument development process included construct and content validation by a panel of experts through expert judgment. The spiritual well-being scale was then distributed online via a Google form to 443 respondents. Subsequently, the scale was administered, and factor analysis was conducted using statistical tests. The results concluded seven dimensions that were developed as dimensions of spiritual well-being in the context of the millennial generation. These dimensions effectively supported the development of a spiritual well-being scale, meeting most of the goodness-of-fit criteria for the spiritual well-being variable. The dimension of psychological health made the most significant contribution to spiritual well being, followed by the dimensions of social relationships and personal achievement. The developed instrument for measuring spiritual well-being is considered suitable for further research, purposely for testing spiritual well-being among the millennial generation.

Keywords : spiritual well-being, psychological instrument, development and validation