Students’ burnout and psychological distress in undergoing online learning during the Covid-19 pandemic
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26486/psikologi.v24i1.1842Keywords:
burnout, distres psikologis, mahasiswa, pembelajaran daringAbstract
Pandemi Covid-19 telah memberi banyak pengaruh terhadap tatanan kehidupan individu. Situasi ini mengharuskan individu mampu melakukan penyesuaian terhadap kebijakan yang berlaku. Tak terkecuali pada aspek pendidikan. Sebagai upaya preventif penyebaran Covid-19 lebih luas, pemerintah memberlakukan kebijakan pembelajaran dengan jarak jauh dengan memanfaatkan teknologi berbasis daring. Kebijakan ini menjadi alternatif dalam situasi saat ini. Namun hal ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh negatif terhadap kondisi mahasiswa dalam menjalani pembelajaran daring, diantaranya seperti adanya kondisi burnout dan distres psikologis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara burnout dengan distres psikologis pada mahasiswa dalam menjalani pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi pandemi Covid-19. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif korelasional, dengan teknik analisis Correlation Product Moment Pearson untuk mengetahui hubungan antar variabel. Sampel dari penelitian ini ditentukan dengan teknik convinience sampling. Dari data penyebaran kuesioner yang diterima melalui google form, diketahui sebanyak 110 partisipan yang ikut serta dalam penelitian ini, yakni mahasiswa aktif UIN Satu Tulungagung. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Skala Burnout dengan Cronbach alpha’s 0,911 dan Skala Distres Psikologis dengan Cronbach Alpha’s 0,911. Berdasarkan hasil analisis yang telah dilakukan, didapatkan hasil koefisien korelasi rxy= 0,648 dan signifikansi kurang dari 0,05. Artinya, bahwa terdapat hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara burnout dengan distres psikologis pada mahasiswa dalam menjalani pembelajaran daring dimasa pandemi Covid-19.
References
Agung, I. M. (2020). Memahami pandemi Covid-19 dalam perspektif Psikologi Sosial. Psikobuletin:Buletin Ilmiah Psikologi, 1(2), 68–84. https://doi.org/10.24014/pib.v1i2.9616
Agustin, M. I., Hidayatullah, F., Aminoto, C., & Tau, K. (2018). Faktor eksternal tingkat stres mahasiswa keperawatan dalam adaptasi proses pembelajaran. Proceeding of The URECOL, 172-181
Akhtarul Islam, M., Barna, S. D., Raihan, H., Nafiul Alam Khan, M., & Tanvir Hossain, M. (2020). Depression and anxiety among university students during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh: A web-based cross-sectional survey. PLoS ONE, 15(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0238162
Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2013). Changing course: Ten years of tracking online education in the United States. Pearson
Andiarna, F., & Kusumawati, E. (2020). Pengaruh pembelajaran daring terhadap stres akademik mahasiswa selama pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Psikologi, 16(2), 139–150.
Azwar, S. (2018). Metode penelitian psikologi edisi 2. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.
Azzahra, F., Purnamasari, Y., & Latipun. (2018). The side-effect of burnout against psychological distress mediated in resilience in medical students. International Journal of Indian Psychology, 6(4), 108–117. https://ijip.in/pdf-viewer/?id=6728
Christiana, E. (2020, September). Burnout akademik selama pandemi Covid 19. In Prosiding Seminar Bimbingan Dan Konseling (pp. 8-15)
Denton, E. ge, Chaplin, W. F., & Wall, M. (2013). Teacher burnout: a comparison of two cultures using confirmatory factor and item response models. International Journal of Quantitative Research in Education, 1(2), 147. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijqre.2013.056463
Firman, & Rahman, S. R. (2020). Pembelajaran online di tengah pandemi Covid-19. Indonesian Journal of Educational Science (IJES), 02(02), 81–89.
Geshica, L., & Musabiq, S. A. (2017). Hubungan antara trait kepribadian dan distres psikologis pada mahasiswa: sebuah aplikasi dari five-factor model. Jurnal Psikologi Klinis Indonesia, 1(1), 5–17.
Ghorpade, J., Lackritz, J., & Singh, G. (2007). Burnout and personality: evidence from academia. Jpurnal of Career Assessment, 15(2), 240–256.
Gugus Covid19. (2021, July). Data sebaran Satgas penanganan COVID-19. Covid19.Go.Id. https://covid19.go.id/peta-sebaran
Hasan, N., & Bao, Y. (2020). Impact of “e-Learning crack-up†perception on psychological distress among college students during COVID-19 pandemic: A mediating role of “fear of academic year loss.†Children and Youth Services Review, 118(August), 105355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2020.105355
Hasanah, U., Ludiana, Immawati, & PH, L. (2020). Gambaran psikologis mahasiswa dalam proses pembelajaran selama pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Keperawatan Jiwa, 8(3), 299–306. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/JKJ/article/view/5941
Higuchi, Y., Inagaki, M., Koyama, T., Kitamura, Y., Sendo, T., & Fujimori, M. (2016). A cross-sectional study of psychological distress, burnout, and the associated risk factors in hospital pharmacists in Japan. BMC Public Health, 16(534), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-016-3208-5
Horzum, M. B., Kaymak, Z. D., & Gungoren, O. C. (2015). Structural equation modeling towards online learning readiness, academic motivations, and perceived learning. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 15(3), 759–770. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2015.3.2410
Hu, Q., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2009). The factorial validity of the maslach burnout inventory-student survey in China. Psychological Reports, 105(2), 394–408. https://doi.org/10.2466/PR0.105.2.394-408
Karyotaki, E., Cuijpers, P., Albor, Y., Alonso, J., & Auerbach, R. P. (2020). Sources of stress and their associations with mental disorders among college students: Results of the world health organization world mental health surveys international college student initiative. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(1759). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01759
Kemdikbud. (2020). Penyesuaian kebijakan pembelajaran di masa pandemi COVID-19. In Www.Kemdikbud.Go.Id. https://www.kemdikbud.go.id/main/blog/2020/08/kemendikbud-terbitkan-kurikulum-darurat-pada-satuan-pendidikan-dalam-kondisi-khusus
Khairani, Y., & Ifdil. (2015). Konsep burnout pada mahasiswa bimbingan dan konseling. Konselor, 4(4), 208–214.
Kompas.com. (2020, March 12). WHO resmi sebut virus Corona Covid-19 sebagai pandemi global. https://www.kompas.com/sains/read/2020/03/12/083129823/who-resmi-sebut-virus-corona-covid-19-sebagai-pandemi-global
Koutsimani, P., Anthony, M., & Georganta, K. (2018). The relationship between burnout, depression and anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(284) https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00284
Kusnayat, A., Sumarni, N., Mansyur, A. S., Zaqiah, Q. Y., & Bandung, U. T. (2020). Pengaruh teknologi pembelajaran kuliah online di era Covid-19 dan dampaknya. EduTeach : Jurnal Edukasi Dan Teknologi Pembelajaran, 1(2), 153–165.
Lazarus, R. S., & Folkman, S. (1984). Stress, appraisal, and coping. New York: Springer Publishing Company.
Lin, S., & Huang, Y.-C. (2014). Life stress and academic burnout. Active Learning in Higher Education, 15(1), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787413514651
Livana, P. ., Mubin, M. F., & Basthomi, Y. (2020). “Tugas pembelajaran†penyebab stres mahasiswa selama pandemi Covid-19. Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan Jiwa, 3(2), 203–208. https://doi.org/10.32584/JIKJ.V3I2.590
Maia, B. R., & Dias, P. C. (2020). Ansiedade, depressão e estresse em estudantes universitários: O impacto da COVID-19. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 37. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0275202037e200067
Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001). Job burnout. Annual review of psychology, 52(1), 397-422.
Maslach, C., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Burnout. In G. Fink (Ed), Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior: Handbook of stress series (pp. 351–357). Academic Press https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-800951-2.00044-3
Mirowsky, J., & Ross, C. E. (2003). Social causes of psychological distress (second). New York: Aldine de gruyter.
Moore, J. L., Dickson-Deane, C., & Galyen, K. (2011). E-Learning, online learning, and distance learning environments: Are they the same? Internet and Higher Education, 14(2), 129–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2010.10.001
Musabiq, S. A., & Karimah, I. (2018). Gambaran stres dan dampaknya pada mahasiswa. InSight, 20(2), 75–83.
Pawicara, R., & Conilie, M. (2020). Analisis pembelajaran daring terhadap kejenuhan belajar mahasiswa tadris biologi IAIN Jember di tengah pandemi Covid-19. ALVEOLI: Jurnal Pendidikan Biologi, 1(1), 29–38.
Pekrun, R., Frenzel, A. C., Goetz, T., & Perry, R. P. (2007). The control-value theory of achievement emotions. An integrative approach to emotions in education. In Emotion in Education (pp. 13–36). Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012372545-5/50003-4
Prayogi, A. R. Y., Hardini, P. P., Alamiyyah, M., Sari, K. I., Haqi, D. N., & Sari, J. D. E. (2020). Determinan tingkat depresi mahasiswa pada masa pandemi Covid-19 (studi kasus mahasiswa Universitas Airlangga Surabaya). Journal Of Community Mental Health And Public Policy, 2(1), 187-192
Putri, M. C. R. (2012). Hubungan antara coping dan psychological distress pada istri yang mengalami kekerasan dalam rumah tangga. Skripsi: Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Indonesia.
Rahman, D. H. (2020). Validasi school burnout inventory versi bahasa Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu Pendidikan, 13(2), 85–93. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v13i2.32579
Rahmatpour, P., Chehrzad, M., Ghanbari, A., & Ebrahimi, S. R. S. (2019). Academic burnout as an educational complication and promotion barrier among undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8. https://doi.org/10.4103/jehp.jehp
Sánchez-Moreno, E., De La Fuente Roldán, I. N., Gallardo-Peralta, L. P., & Barrón López De Roda, A. (2015). Burnout, informal social support and psychological distress among social workers. British Journal of Social Work, 45(8), 2368–2386. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsw/bcu084
Santrock, J. W. (2003). Adolescence : Psikologi remaja. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sarason, I. G. (1972). Experimental approaches to test anxiety: Attention and the uses of information. Anxiety: Current Trends in Theory and Research, 2, 383–403.
Schaufeli, W. B., MartÃnez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Barker, A. B. (2002). Burnout and engagement in University Students. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 33(5), 464–481. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022102033005003
Selye, H. (1976). The stress of life (revised edition). New York: McGraw-Hill.
Shankland, R., Kotsou, I., Vallet, F., & Bouteyre, E. (2018). Burnout in university students : The mediating role of sense of coherence on the relationship between daily hassles and burnout. Higher Education, 78(1), 91-113
Shenoi, A. N., Kalyanaraman, M., Pillai, A., Raghava, P. S., & Day, S. (2018). Burnout and psychological distress among pediatric critical care physicians in the United States. Critical Care Medicine, 46(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000002751
Sugiarti, Geshica, L., Prabowo, D., Rachmawati, A., Alkarisya, A., & Mulyaningrum, V. (2017). Ups and downs as Indonesian college students: Risk and protective factors for psychological distress. Paper presented at the Singapore Conference on Applied Psychology, Singapore, SG.
Supratiknya, A. (2015). Metodologi penelitian kuantitatif & kualitatif dalam psikologi. Yogyakarta: Universitas Sanata Dharma.
Tavakoli, M. (2013). Astudy of the prevalence of academic procrasination among students and its relationship with demographic characteristics, preferences of study time, and purpose of entering university. Quarterly Educational Psychology, 9(28), 99–120. https://www.sid.ir/En/Journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=364305
Taylor, S. (2012). Health psychology (8th ed.). New York: Mc Graw Hill.
World Health Organization. (2020). Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Q&A. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/question-and-answers-hub/q-a-detail/coronavirus-disease-covid-19
Zou, G., Shen, X., Tian, X., Liu, C., Li, G., Kong, L., & Li, P. (2016). Correlates of psychological distress, burnout, and resilience among Chinese female nurses. Industrial Health, 2015–0103.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Authors who publish with INSIGHT: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi agree to the following terms:
Authors retain copyright and grant the Insight right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY-SA 4.0) that allows others to share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) and adapt (remix, transform, and build upon the material) the work for any purpose, even commercially with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in Insight. Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in Insight.
Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).
