An Analysis Of Moral Values In Burnett ’ s Little Lord Fauntleroy Novel

This study deals with a novel entitled Little Lord Fauntleroy written by Frances Hodgson Burnett. The objectives of the study are: (1)to describe Cedric’s personality in the novel and (2)to reveal the moral values from Cedric’s personality in the novel. The study employed library study and descriptive qualitative analysis method. The data of the study are from the novel and other supporting documents. Based on the analysis, the writer found two things: firstly, Cedric is characterized as a boy who has good personalities such as honest, kind-hearted, friendly, humble, wise, sympathetic and responsible. Secondly, the moral values that can be taken from the novel are honesty, kindness, hospitality, modesty, wisdom, empathy and responsible.


Introduction
Moral derives from the Latin 'mos' which means attitude and habits.This attitude based on the determination of right and wrong.Value means standard that used to define something and regarded as a conventional.In other word, moral value is standard of attitude that based on the determination of right and wrong which is regarded by those who make the standard of moral.
Esteban as quoted by Adisusilo (1990, p57)  The writer uses objective approach and the combination of some theories to analyze the data taken.The objective approach is an approach that focuses the analysis on the intrinsic elements of a literary work.

Characters
There are only some characters, both major and minor ones, in the novel that make the story flows.The first character is Cedric Eroll or "Cedric", a young boy who is inherited the title of an "Earl" from his grandfather.The

Short Description on Cedric
Cedric is a seven-year-old boy who lives only with his mother in the crowded city of New York, America.
Cedric is half American and half British.
His father was an Englishman and his mother is a beautiful American woman.
Cedric is a handsome boy with curly yellow hair."wearing a short white kilt skirt, and a big white hat set back on his curly yellow hair, he was so handsome and strong and rosy that he attracted every one's attention," (p.In the conversation it can be seen that Cedric feels sorry for the old lady.He sees that the lady is so poor so that she is very thin and cold makes her shiver.
Cedric buys apples from her so that she can buy something to make her more comfortable.

Cedric is a Friendly Boy
Cedric is also a friendly boy.He makes many friends in his life.In fact, Since he is small Cedric is very friendly to anyone.Whenever he speaks he could attracts many people to be his friends.It is admitted by Cedric's nurse when she tells Cedric's mother how pleased people were when they speaks to Cedric.
In his young age, Cedric has many best friends.One of his best friends is Mr. Hobbs, a groceryman.Mr.
Hobbs is quite old and he owns a grocery in the corner of the street in New York.

Cedric is a Humble Boy
Humble is defined as showing or having a low or modest opinion of one's own importance or not proud (Hornby, 1995:582).Being humble means not to be proud of one's self.In the novel Cedric is characterized as a humble boy.Since from the very beginning of the novel Cedric is personalized as a humble boy, it can be seen from the following quotation in which he humbly tells Mr. Hobbs that he will become a member of a noble family.
"Who is your grandfather?" he asked.
… "I couldn't easily remember it, so I wrote it down on this," he said.And he read aloud slowly: From the quotation above, it can be seen that Cedric is too humble in telling mr.
Hobbs that he is going to be a little lord, a member of a noble family in Britain.

Moral Values in the Novel
There are many moral values of the novel that can be taken as life lesson.The moral value is a good things that can be taken as our own life lesson to make our life better.

Cedric Teaches Us about Honesty
Cedric in the novel teaches the readers and all of us to be honest.Cedric has good motives in being honest such as to please his mother, the Earl and his friends.

Cedric Teaches Us about Kindness
Cedric in the novel also teaches the readers to be kind to others.Being kind is a good moral value.It teaches us that whenever we expect people to be kind to us, we should also be kind to others.By being kind to others, people will see us as good people too and they will not hesitate to make friends with us.

The theory of Actual
consequences of the Act also agrees that to be kindhearted is a good moral value because it brings good consequences.
When we kind to others, they will be kind too.In the novel, because Cedric is

Cedric Teaches Us about Hospitality
Other moral value that can be taken from the novel is being friendly to states that "Moral values are universal truths which man holds to be good and important; they are the ethical principles which he struggles to attain and implement in his daily life.They are the ideals which transcend all time and space; those which are valid for all men regardless of race or religion; the ones which unite strangers, families, nationall of humanity -with God." Moral values can also be reflected in literary works.It gives readers a reflection about life and additional appeal for the novel itself.One novel that contains rich of moral value is a novel written by Burnett entitled Little Lord Fauntleroy.Burnett has played an important role in the emergence of novel as a respected literary form.She has contributed powerfully to determine the form of English novel, especially in Victorian Era.According to Bradburry (1973, p.32) the typical species of the novel in England is the socio moral novel, or the novel of manners and morals.The prime theme of which is the Vol 3. No. 1, June 2017 ISSN : 2541-6421 ethical conduct of man in society is relatively stable and secure.The English novels also express a particular species of moral realism.Therefore, analyzing an English novel will give better achievement in understanding the values of life as reflected in that novel.Based on the above explanation and facts, the writer intended to dig deeper on the main character of the novel to find out more moral values as life lessons.To ease the analysis, two research problems are formulated as follows: 1.How is Cedric's personality depicted in the novel? 2. What are the moral values that can be taken from Cedric's personality in the novel?Before analyzing the novel, the first step is studying, selecting and collecting the chapter of the novel.Actually, when the researcher reads each chapter of the novel, automatically the researcher knows the intrinsic social problem of the novel.It will ease the researcher to get the data (Yohanes Eko Rubiyanto, 2016).Methodology The object of this study is a novel entitled Little Lord Fauntleroy written by Frances Hodgson Burnett.The novel was originally published by Charles Scribner's Sons in 1886.The version that the writer uses in this study was published by HardPress Publishing and it contains of 209 pages divided into 15 chapters.The primary data for this study are Cedric's words, phrases, sentences, and images in the novel.The secondary data for the study are taken from supporting documents.This research is using descriptive qualitative method.
second character is Cedric's mother or "the dearest" as Cedric calls her.The third character is the Earl of Dorincourt who is Cedric's grandfather.The fourth character is Mr. Hobbs.He is a grocer and has a grocery store in New York, in the same street where Cedric lives.More characters in the novel are such as Mary, 7).Despite of his age, Cedric has point of view like a grown man.He likes to talk almost anything from daily lives, Cedric's friends and also politics.It seems that Cedric is more mature than his age.Cedric maturity can be seen in the following quotation: Cedric's Personalities In this part, the researcher would like to elaborate Cedric's personality.The elaboration of Cedric's personality would be important later when the researcher talks about the moral value that can be taken from the novel because the whole novel story is dominated by Cedric's life story.The writer would like to elaborate more about Cedric's personalities in the next section.Cedric is an Honest Boy Cedric is an honest boy.He never lies to anyone in his life.He always tells the truth whenever he speaks to anyone.The evidence of Cedric honesty can be seen in the following quotation in which Cedric talks to Mr. Hobbs about earl and aristocracy.From the conversation above both Cedric and Mr. Hobbs have negative assumptions and ideas about earl and marquises.They think that earl and marquises are tyrants and rude.In fact, Mr Hobbs has sworn himself that he will not let any earl and marquises to enter his store and sit on his crackerbarrels.This idea makes Cedric a little hesitant to tell Mr. Hobbs that actually he will become an Earl.However, Cedric tries to be honest to Mr. Hobbs.Cedric's honesty can be seen in the following quotation."You said," he proceeded, "that you wouldn't have them sitting 'round on your cracker-barrels.""So I did!" returned Mr. Hobbs, stoutly."And I meant it.Let 'emtry it--that's all!" "Mr.Hobbs," said Cedric, "one is sitting on this box now!" " Cedric announced, with due modesty; "_I_ am one--or I am going to be.I won't deceive you."(p.14) Cedric is a Kind-Hearted Boy Cedric lives with a mother who always put kindness above everything so that Cedric grew up with the same value inside his soul.When Cedric socialized with others, he always makes goodness to others.He is always kind to others especially those who live in poverty.When Cedric sees a poor old lady who sells apples for living, he and his friends decide to buy apple from her in order to help her.By doing this, he hopes the old lady would take the money and can use it for living.The way Cedric makes kindness to the old lady can be seen in the following quotation: She's a hundred, I should think, and yet she is out there when it rains, even.I'm sorry for her, and so are the other boys.Billy Williams once had nearly a dollar, and I asked him to buy five cents' worth of apples from her every day until he had spent it all.That made twenty days, and he grew tired of apples after a week; but then--it was quite fortunate--a gentleman gave me fifty cents and I bought apples from her instead.You feel sorry for any one that's so poor and has such ancient lin-lenage.She says hers has gone into her bones and the rain makes it worse."(p.30-31) Cedric's charm makes him gets many friends.It is from the following quotation: … his nurse would come home and tell his mamma stories of the ladies who had stopped their carriages to look at and speak to him, and of how pleased they were when he talked to them in his cheerful little way, as if he had known them always.His Vol 3. No. 1, June 2017 ISSN : 2541-6421 greatest charm was this cheerful, fearless, quaint little way of making friends with people (p.6).

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`John Arthur Molyneux Errol, Earl of Dorincourt.'That is his name, and he lives in a castle--in two or three castles, I think.And my papa, who died, was his youngest son; and I shouldn't have been a lord or an earl if my papa hadn't died; and my papa wouldn't have been an earl if his two brothers hadn't died.But they all died, and there is no one but me,--no boy,--and so I have to be one; and my grandpapa has sent for me to come to England." … "Ah," remarked Cedric, with a sigh, "I never thought I should have to be an earl then!" (p.17&19).
always kind and generous to other people, the people respect and also love Cedric.The theory of Conscientiousness also considers being kindhearted is a good moral value.The theory says that is the moral value is not overcome by desires or inclinations, then the moral value good.Being kindhearted is a good moral because it is the right to do.Based on the theory of Useful Character Traits, the moral value of to be kindhearted is a good moral value because Cedric has good traits.He is a good character in the novel.Theory of motives also agrees that doing kindness to other people is a good moral value.In the novel Cedric is a kind-hearted boy and he has no intension to harm people in doing the kindness.He does so many kindness because he wants to make other people happy.
makes friends with the tyrant Earl.The second conclusion is the moral values that can be taken from the novel.The first moral value that can be taken is being honest.The second moral value is being kind to others.The third moral value is being friendly to anyone.The fourth moral value from the novel is being humble.The fifth moral value is being wise.The sixth moral value is being sympathetic to others and the last moral value that can be taken from the novel is being responsible.